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Thyroid cancer is one of the cancer types with the best prognosis, especially when detected early. For most patients, surgery is the main and most effective treatment. However, not all cases require the same type of surgical intervention, and understanding when surgery is necessary can help patients make informed decisions about their care. Thyroid gland with cancer. When Is Surgery Indicated in Thyroid Cancer? The decision to perform surgery depends on several clinical and d

Adrenal nodules, also called adrenal incidentalomas, are masses that are discovered by chance on imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs performed for unrelated reasons. Although most of these nodules are benign and do not require treatment, some may represent a significant health risk and need urgent evaluation to determine whether surgery is necessary. This article explains what an adrenal nodule is, when removal is recommended, and how surgery is performed to treat these

Hypercalcemia is a medical condition that occurs when calcium levels in the blood rise above the normal range. In Puerto Rico, a frequent cause of this imbalance is primary hyperparathyroidism, a disease in which one or more parathyroid glands produce an excess of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This overproduction disrupts the body’s calcium balance and can cause symptoms that are often mistaken for other illnesses. In this article, we explore the symptoms of hypercalcemia, how t

Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths in the thyroid gland that affect a large portion of the population—especially in Puerto Rico, where thyroid conditions have increased in recent years. Although most of these nodules are benign and not dangerous, there are clear signs that indicate when it is necessary to seek specialized medical attention. This article explains what a thyroid nodule is, when you should be concerned, and what steps to take for proper diagnosis and treatment